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Iron Cross (Belgium)
The Iron Cross ((フランス語:Croix de fer), (オランダ語:IJzeren Kruis)) was established by law in 1833〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Law of 8 October 1833 creating the Iron Cross )〕 following the end of the Belgian Revolution to recognise serious wounds received and bravery in battle by Belgian citizens taking part in the fight for Belgian independence from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands between 25 August 1830 and 4 February 1831. A further royal decree of 22 August 1834 created a second class to the Iron Cross for award to all wounded combatants.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Royal decree of 22 August 1834 creating the Iron Cross 2nd class )〕 Due to the lower perceived importance of the second class award and discontent among recipients, the Iron Cross second class was short lived and amalgamated to the Iron Cross first class by decree of 21 February 1835.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Royal decree of 21 February 1835 amalgamating the Iron Cross 1st and 2nd class )〕 All recipients now received the (original) first class award.
==Award statute==
The Iron Cross (first class) was bestowed to members of the provisional government and to other citizens who were wounded in battle and who elected to stay at their post and keep fighting or who returned to the fight, to the maimed and mutilated, as well as to those who displayed acts of courage in combat and eminent services to the country.〔 Recipients were also honoured with the right to bear arms.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Royal decree of 30 December 1833 amending the statute of the Iron Cross )〕
The Iron Cross second class was bestowed to all wounded combatants.〔 All recipients of the Iron Cross 2nd class would receive the 1st class award (original single grade award) in 1835 to replace the by then defunct 2nd class variant.〔
Over the years, recipients of the Iron Cross received ever increasing pensions, in 1842, those in need or not having any other pension or income would receive 100 francs,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Budgetary Law of 1842 creating a pension for recipients of the Iron Cross )〕 this amount was increased to 250 francs in 1855.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Budgetary Law of 1855 increasing the pension for recipients of the Iron Cross )〕 A law of 27 May 1857 gave civil servants who were recipients of the Iron Cross ten additional years of seniority.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Law of 27 May 1857 on Civil Service by recipients of the Iron Cross )〕 A budgetary law enacted in 1858 gave pensions to widows and orphans of deceased recipients of the Iron Cross.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Budgetary Law of 1858 for widows and orphans of deceased recipients of the Iron Cross )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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